Ukusuka eBelém Kuya Kuwo Wonke Amakamelo: Ngaphansi kuka-2.8°C Isexwayiso se-COP30, Okusheshisa Ukushintshela Ku-Net-Zero Emissions kanye Nezindawo Ezinempilo Zangaphakathi

Njengoba umhlaba usemzileni wokufudumala ocishe ube ngu-2.8°C, i-COP30 ifuna iminyaka eyishumi yokuqaliswa kokusebenza. Umoya wethu omusha Uhlelo Lokungenisa Umoya kuletha isenzo sezulu ezindaweni zansuku zonke zangaphakathi.

Usuku: 2025-11-18
Indawo: IShayina

Amathegi:

• a. COP30
• b. Ukukhishwa kwegesi okungenayo i-Net-zero
• c. Iminikelo Enqunyiwe Kuzwelonke (ama-NDC)
• d. Ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi
• e. Uhlelo lokungenisa umoya omusha
• f. Okuluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi

Isifinyezo Sesihloko

Ku-COP30 eBelém, eBrazil, iZizwe Ezihlangene kanye nohulumeni bezizwe bahileleke ezingxoxweni ezibalulekile mayelana nendlela yokugcina ukufudumala komhlaba kungaphakathi kuka-1.5°C. Iminikelo Yamanje Enqunyiwe Kazwelonke (ama-NDC) ikhomba endleleni yokufudumala kuka-2.5–2.8°C, okuphoqa yonke imikhakha ukuthi isheshise ukushintshela ekukhiqizweni kwegesi okungenayo igesi kanye nomnotho oqinile.

Njengenkampani yezobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, siguqula imigomo emikhulu yesimo sezulu ibe ukunciphisa okubonakalayo kokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo eziqondile ngaphakathi emakhaya nasezindlini ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwethu lokungenisa umoya omusha olusebenzisa amandla kahle, olulawulwa ngobuhlakani, olufaka isandla esenzweni sangempela kule COP "egxile ekusetshenzisweni".

I-COP30 ngomongo

NgoNovemba, abameleli abavela emazweni acishe abe ngu-200, kanye nososayensi nabaholi bemikhakha ezimele, babuthana eBelém, idolobha eliyisango lokungena ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon eBrazil, eNgqungqutheleni yama-30 yamaqembu eNgqungqutheleni yoHlaka lweZizwe Ezihlangene mayelana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu (i-COP30).

Le ngqungquthela, evame ukuchazwa ngokuthi “i-COP egxile ekuqalisweni kokusebenza”, inomgomo ocacile:

• a. Guqula ithagethi engu-1.5°C ibe isenzo sangempela
• b. Gxila eminyakeni eyishumi ebalulekile yango-2020
• c. Dlulela ngale kweziqubulo uye ekusetshenzisweni nasekulethweni okulinganiselwe

Ngaphansi "kwendlela yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi" yeSivumelwano saseParis, amazwe kumele aqinise njalo ama-NDC awo futhi aqinise njalo izindlela zawo zokukhishwa kwegesi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okuningi kukhombisa ukuthi:

• a. Ngisho noma zonke izithembiso zamanje zifezwa ngokugcwele, umhlaba usabheke ekushiseni okucishe kube ngu-2.5–2.8°C.
• b. Lokhu kungaphezu kakhulu komkhawulo ophephile we-1.5°C ohlonzwe umphakathi wesayensi.
• c. Sihlala kude kakhulu nokugwema ukushisa okukhulu, izikhukhula kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lolwandle.

Izinto Ezintathu Ezibalulekile Ze-COP30

1. a. Ama-NDC anezifiso eziningi: Ukukhuthaza amazwe ukuthi athumele ama-NDC amasha ahambisana kakhulu nomgomo we-1.5°C.
2. b. Ukwenyuswa kwezimali zesimo sezulu: Ukuletha okungenani ama-USD ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.3 ngonyaka ezimalini zesimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi ekunciphiseni nasekuzivumelaniseni nezimo emazweni asathuthuka.
3. c. Ushintsho nje: Ukuqeda uphethiloli wezinsalela ngenkathi kuvikelwa imisebenzi kanye nokulingana komphakathi, okwenza isenzo sezulu sigxile kubantu ngempela.

Kusukela Ezinhlosweni Zokufudumala Komhlaba Wonke Kuya Ezakhiweni Nasemoyeni Zansuku Zonke

Ukushintshela ekukhiqizweni kwe-net-zero akukhona nje kuphela ngokushintsha kwezinga elikhulu ezinhlelweni zamandla. Kuphinde kungene:

• a. Zonke izakhiwo
• b. Wonke umphakathi
• c. Igumbi ngalinye

Lokhu kufaka phakathi "umoya ongabonakali" esivame ukungawunaki. Izakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi yazo zibangela cishe u-40% wokukhishwa kwe-CO₂ emhlabeni wonke, ingxenye enkulu yazo evela ezinhlelweni zokushisa, ukupholisa kanye nokungenisa umoya.

Uma singakwazi, ngesikhathi esifanayo:

• a. Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zomoya ohlanzekile ezisebenza kahle kakhulu
• b. Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi ngokulawula okuhlakaniphile

khona-ke singanciphisa buthule leyo ngxenye eyengeziwe yezinga emakhaya ethu ansuku zonke nasezindaweni zokusebenza, siguqule imigomo yesimo sezulu ibe ushintsho olubonakalayo lwansuku zonke.

Uhlelo Lwethu Lokungenisa Umoya Ohlanzekile: Ukuxhumanisa i-COP30 nempilo yangaphakathi

Kusukela ekuqaleni, umklamo wethu womkhiqizo uphishekele umgomo okabili we-“net-zero + impilo”:

• a. Uhlangothi oluyi-Net-zero: kusetshenziswa ama-motor e-DC inverter asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye Ukubuyiselwa Kokushisa ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokungenisa umoya nokunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni ohlelweni, kuyilapho kusagcinwa umthamo womoya omusha owanele.
• b. Uhlangothi lwezempilo: ukusebenzisa izinzwa eziningi ukuqapha i-CO₂ yangaphakathi, i-PM2.5 kanye nama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo (ama-VOC) ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ulungise ngokuguquguqukayo ukuphakelwa komoya ukuze ugcine umoya wangaphakathi ungaphakathi kwebanga elikhululekile nelinempilo.

Umoya Ongenasidingo Uma Udingeka

Ezinhlelweni zangempela, uhlelo lwethu lokungenisa umoya omusha lungalungisa ukuhamba komoya ngokusekelwe enanini labantu abahlala khona kanye nekhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi:

• a. Emakamelweni emihlangano, emakilasini amatasa noma emahhovisi avulekile, lapho amazinga e-CO₂ noma e-PM2.5 ekhuphuka, uhlelo lukhulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokungenisa umoya ukuze "lugeze" umoya ongcolile wangaphakathi ngokushesha.
• b. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kuncipha noma ebusuku, yehlisa amandla ayo okusebenza ukuze igweme ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungadingekile.

Lo mqondo "wokungenisa umoya lapho kudingeka" awugcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya, kodwa futhi uthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi jikelele.

Ushintsho Olugxile Ebantwini Olungenawo Umkhawulo kanye Nokuqina

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukushintshela ekukhiqizweni kwegesi okungenayo igesi kanye nomnotho oqinile kuya ngokuya kuqashelwa njengoguquko olugxile kubantu ngempela.

Akukhona nje kuphela ngamaphrojekthi amakhulu kagesi kanye nezimboni, kodwa futhi nangolwazi lokuphefumula lwabantu abavamile:

• a. Ekhaya
• b. Emahhovisi
• c. Ezikoleni
• d. Ezibhedlela

Ngesixazululo somoya wangaphakathi esinomoya ophansi, ohlakaniphile futhi onempilo, uhlelo lwethu lokungenisa umoya omusha lunikeza indawo yokungena eqondile nebonakalayo kulolu shintsho olugxile kubantu naseplanethini.Njalo uma kuvulwafuthi yonke indawo yokushintshana komoya yenzakokubili ukuzibophezela ku- impilo yomuntu siqu kanye nomnikelo omncane emhlabeni jikelele Igoli elingu-1.5°C.

Ukubheka Ngale kwe-COP30: Kusukela ku-2.8°C Kuya ku-1.5°C

Uma sibheka ngale kwe-COP30 eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, ulimi lwezombusazwe luzogcina lunikeze indawo amaphrojekthi obunjiniyela, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhetha kwabathengi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-NDCs kazwelonke noma imephu yezindlela zezinkampani ezingenazo izinhloso, zonke lezi zifiso kuzodingeka zifezwe ngokuguqulwa kwezinto eziningi:

• a. Izinhlelo zamandla
• b. Izinqubo zezimboni
• c. Ukwakha izindawo

Sikholelwa ukuthi imishini eluhlaza nehlakaniphile emelelwa uhlelo lwethu lokungenisa umoya omusha izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emzamweni womhlaba wonke wokushintsha kusuka ku-2.8°C uye ku-1.5°C.

Kusukela eBelém kuya emadolobheni emhlabeni wonke, kusukela emahholo emihlangano kuya kuwo wonke amagumbi, isenzo sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu siba yinto esingayenza:

• a. Bheka
• b. Ukuthinta
• c. Futhi uphefumule njengomoya ohlanzekile omusha

Uhlelo Lwethu Lokungenisa Umoya Oluhlaza Olusha Lwesizukulwane Esilandelayo

• a. Yenza konke okuphefumulayo kube mnandi futhi kube nempilo
• b. Letha umgomo we-1.5°C empilweni yansuku zonke
• c. Pholisa iplanethi, kusukela ekamelweni elilodwa

Izici Eziyinhloko

• a. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu: Njengoba ifakwe ama-motor e-DC inverter kanye namamojula okubuyisa ukushisa asebenza kahle kakhulu, uhlelo lunikeza umoya omusha owanele ngenkathi lunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, lusiza abasebenzisi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
• b. Ukulawulwa komoya okuhlakaniphile: I-array yama-sensor amaningi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi iqapha izinkomba ezibalulekile njenge-CO₂, i-PM2.5 kanye nama-VOC ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izindlela zokuhamba komoya kanye nokungenisa umoya ngokusekelwe kwikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi.
• c. Impilo nenduduzo: Umklamo wokuhamba komoya olungiselelwe kahle kanye nokuhlunga okunezigaba eziningi kususa ngempumelelo izinto ezincane kanye namagesi ayingozi, kunciphisa izingozi zokungcoliswa komoya ngaphakathi futhi kuthuthukise induduzo yokuphefumula.
• d. Ukubonakala kwedatha: Amadeshibhodi eselula ahambisanayo kanye nesikrini esikhulu abonisa ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya okulinganiselwe, okunikeza ukwesekwa okulinganiselwe kokudalulwa kwe-ESG yenkampani kanye nezindlela zokuphila eziluhlaza ekhaya.
• e. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu: Lolu hlelo lungahlanganiswa ne-Building Automation Systems (BAS) kanye namapulatifomu ezindlu ezihlakaniphile ukuze kufezwe ukulawula okuhlelekile kokukhanya, umoya opholile kanye nokungenisa umoya, kuvulwe amathuba amakhulu okunciphisa ikhabhoni esakhiweni sonke.

Ukuhambisana ne-COP30

• a. Emongweni we-COP egxile ekusetshenzisweni, ukuhumusha izinhloso zesimo sezulu ezingeni likazwelonke neledolobha zibe yizinyathelo ezingasetshenziswa ezingeni lesakhiwo nelemindeni.
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwezakhiwo kanye nokunikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kuma-NDC anezifiso eziningi.
• b. Ngokombono ogxile kubantu, ukuguqula ushintsho olungenazinkinga kanye noluqinile lube yindawo enempilo yomoya yabasebenzi, abafundi, iziguli kanye nemindeni.

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo

1. Kuyini i-COP30?

I-COP30 yiNgqungquthela yama-30 yamaqembu eNgqungqutheleni yoHlaka lweZizwe Ezihlangene mayelana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu (i-UNFCCC). Izobanjelwa eBelém, idolobha elisenyakatho yeBrazil, kusukela mhla ziyi-10 kuya ku-21 kuNovemba 2025.

Ohulumeni, ososayensi, amabhizinisi kanye nabamele umphakathi bahlangana lapho ukuze:

• a. Hlola inqubekela phambili ngaphansi kweSivumelwano saseParis
• b. Xoxani ngendlela yokuqinisa iminikelo enqunywe kuzwelonke (ama-NDC)
• c. Nquma ngokubambisana kwezezimali kanye nobuchwepheshe okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukufudumala komhlaba kungaphakathi kuka-1.5°C

2. Kungani i-COP30 ibaluleke kangaka?

I-COP30 ibalulekile ngezizathu eziningana:

• a. Isikhathi esibucayi: Umjikelezo wamanje wama-NDC uzokwakha ukukhishwa kwegesi emhlabeni wonke phakathi kuka-b.2030 kanye no-2035, ifasitela elibalulekile lokugcina “umugqa wokuphila” ongu-1.5°C useduze.
• c. Igebe lesifiso sokuvelela: Izithembiso ezikhona njengamanje zikhomba ekushiseni okucishe kube ngu-2.5–2.8°C, okunganele neze.
• e. Ukugxila ekusetshenzisweni: I-COP30 idinga ukuletha okungaphezu kwezitatimende ezisezingeni eliphezulu; kumele ikhiqize izinhlelo zokusebenzisa eziqondile zalokhu okulandelayo:
  • 1. Ukunciphisa okukhulu kokukhishwa kwegesi
  • 2. Ukushintsha okusheshayo kusuka kumafutha angaphansi komhlaba
  • 3. Ukwandiswa kwemali yokulahlekelwa kanye nomonakalo
• f. Ushintsho nje: Umhlaba ubheke ku-COP30 ukuthi ithuthukise ushintsho olunobulungisa ngempela, olulinganiselayo:
  • 1. Ukuvikelwa kwehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon
  • 2. Ukusekelwa kwamazwe asathuthuka
  • 3. Indlela yokuphila yabasebenzi abavamile

Ezinkampanini, i-COP30 futhi iyisikhathi esibalulekile sokubuyekeza izindlela zabo ze-net-zero nokukhombisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuluhlaza.

3. Ingabe ukufudumala komhlaba kungagcinwa ngaphakathi kuka-1.5°C?

Ngokombono wesayensi, ukugcina ukufudumala komhlaba kungaphakathi kuka-1.5°C manje sekuyinselele enkulu, njengoba isabelomali sekhabhoni esisele sincishiswa ngokushesha.

Ngokusekelwe ezinqubweni zamanje, ukufudumala kwaleli khulu leminyaka kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kusondele ku-2.5–2.8°C. Kodwa-ke:

• Ukuhlolwa okuningana okugunyaziwe kubonisa ukuthi uma amazwe esheshisa kakhulu ukwehla kokukhishwa kwegesi ngaphambi kuka-2030, futhi enciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi emhlabeni wonke cishe 60% ngo-2035.Kusenethuba lokubuyisela ukufudumala phansi nxazonke 1.5°C engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka.

Ngale ndlela, i-1.5°C kufanele ibhekwe kancane njengomkhawulo olula wokudlula/ukwehluleka kodwa njengomugqa wokuphepha okumele silwele ukuhlala siseduze ngangokunokwenzeka.

Lokhu kusho nokuthi yonke imboni—amandla, imboni, izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa—kumele ithathe isinyathelo esikhulu. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo amakhulu kuya emikhiqizweni egcina amandla njengesistimu yethu yokungenisa umoya omusha, yonke le mizamo idlala indima ebalulekile kule ndlela enzima kodwa edingekayo engu-1.5°C.